{"id":85,"date":"2025-09-10T06:45:03","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T06:45:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/publications\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T12:04:46","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T12:04:46","slug":"publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/publications\/","title":{"rendered":"Publications"},"content":{"rendered":"\n    \n    <section class=\"u-clearfix u-section-2\" id=\"sec-9971\">\n      <div class=\"u-clearfix u-sheet u-valign-middle-lg u-valign-middle-md u-valign-middle-sm u-valign-middle-xs u-sheet-1\">\n        <h2 class=\"u-align-center u-text u-text-default u-text-1\"> Publications<\/h2>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n    <section class=\"u-clearfix u-section-3\" id=\"block-2\">\n      <div class=\"u-clearfix u-sheet u-valign-middle-lg u-valign-middle-md u-valign-middle-sm u-sheet-1\">\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-1\">\n          <a href=\"#block-1\" class=\"u-active-none u-border-none u-btn u-button-link u-button-style u-hover-none u-none u-text-palette-1-base u-btn-1\">Books &amp; Monographs&nbsp;<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &nbsp;|&nbsp;<\/span> &nbsp;<a href=\"#block-3\" class=\"u-active-none u-border-none u-btn u-button-link u-button-style u-hover-none u-none u-text-palette-1-base u-btn-2\">Articles&nbsp; <\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n            <a href=\"#\"><\/a>|&nbsp; <\/span>\n          <a href=\"#block-4\" class=\"u-active-none u-border-none u-btn u-button-link u-button-style u-hover-none u-none u-text-palette-1-base u-btn-3\">Chapters in Books<\/a>\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n    <section class=\"u-clearfix u-section-4\" id=\"block-1\">\n      <div class=\"u-clearfix u-sheet u-valign-top-lg u-valign-top-md u-valign-top-sm u-sheet-1\">\n        <h4 class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-1\">Books &amp; Monographs <\/h4>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default-lg u-text-default-md u-text-default-sm u-text-default-xl u-text-2\"><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;\">Political Gender Gaps in Israel. <\/span>The Van Leer Institute and Am Oved, Jerusalem. 2020. In Hebrew. (edited with H. Herzog &amp; N. Chazan)\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-3\"><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2015.<\/span> Transaction, New Brunswick, 2017. (edited with G. Rahat).&nbsp;<br>Hebrew electronic version: Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2017.\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-4\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2013.<\/span> Transaction, New Brunswick, 2015.&nbsp;<br>Hebrew electronic version: Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2015.\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-5\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2009.<\/span> Transaction, New Brunswick, 2011. (edited with A. Arian).&nbsp;<br>Hebrew version: Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2010.\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2006. <\/span>Transaction, New Brunswick, 2008. (edited with A. Arian).&nbsp;<br>Hebrew version: Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2008.\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-7\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;\">Auditing Israeli Democracy 2005 \u2013 A Decade after the Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.<\/span> Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2005. (English and Hebrew versions) (with A. Arian, P. Ben-Nun, S. Barnea and R. Ventura)\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2003.<\/span> Transaction, New Brunswick, 2005. (edited with A. Arian).\nHebrew version: Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2004. \n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-9\"><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2001.<\/span> Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2002. (English and Hebrew versions.) (edited with A. Arian). \n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-10\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1999.<\/span><\/span> State University of New York Press, Albany, 2002. (edited with A. Arian).\nHebrew version: Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2001.\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-11\"><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;\">The Anatomy of Public Opinion.<\/span> The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 2000. (with J. Shamir). \n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-12\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1996. <\/span>State University of New York Press, Albany, 1999. (edited with A. Arian)&nbsp;<br>Hebrew version: Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 1999.\n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-13\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1992.<\/span><\/span> State University of New York Press, Albany, 1995. (edited with A. Arian) \n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-14\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;\">The Dynamics of Israeli Public Opinion on Peace and the Territories.<\/span> The Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research, Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, 1993. (with J. Shamir) \n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-15\"><span style=\"font-style: italic;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">T<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">he Elections in Israel \u2013 1988.<\/span><\/span> Westview Press, Boulder, 1990. (edited with A. Arian) \n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-16\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;\">The Israeli Politician: The Social and Political Bases of Israeli Labor &amp; Herut Parties Activists. <\/span>Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies, Jerusalem, 1989. (in Hebrew). (with H. Herzog and A. Zuckerman) \n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-17\"><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-weight: 700;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1984. <\/span>Ramot, Tel Aviv, and Transaction, New Brunswick, 1986. (edited with A. Arian) \n        <\/p>\n        <p class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-18\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700; font-style: italic;\">Political Tolerance in Context: Support for Unpopular Minorities in the United States, Israel and New Zealand.<\/span> Westview Press, Boulder, 1985. (with J.L. Sullivan, P. Walsh &amp; N.S. Roberts)\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n    <section class=\"u-clearfix u-section-5\" id=\"block-3\">\n      <div class=\"u-clearfix u-sheet u-valign-middle-xl u-valign-top-lg u-valign-top-md u-valign-top-sm u-sheet-1\">\n        <h4 class=\"u-text u-text-default u-text-1\">Articles<\/h4>\n        <div class=\"fr-view u-clearfix u-rich-text u-text u-text-2\">\n          <p id=\"isPasted\" style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/american-political-science-review\/article\/impact-of-persistent-terrorism-on-political-tolerance-israel-1980-to-2011\/061972BD7FDA218CEADB38A7DC8E93B0\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">The Impact of Persistent Terrorism on Political Tolerance: Israel, 1980 to 2011<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n            <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">American Political Science Review<\/span>\n            <\/strong> 109, 2015, 817-832. (with Mark Peffley and Marc L. Hutchison).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/1467-9248.12145\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Voter Election Frames: What were the Elections about?<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Political Studies<\/span>\n            <\/strong> 63, 2015, 995-1013. (with J. Shamir &amp; L. Lavi).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1354068808093406\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">A Decade Later, the World Had Changed, the Cleavage Structure Remained: Israel 1996\u20142006<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Party Politics<\/span>\n            <\/strong> 14, 2008, 685-705 (with A. Arian).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijpor\/article\/20\/2\/211\/795352\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\u201c<span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">What Were the Elections About and Why We Should Ask About it in Election Surveys<\/span>\u201d\n            <\/a>\n            <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">International Journal of Public Opinion Research<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 20, 2008, 211-223 (with J. Shamir).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/10584600701807869\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\u201c<span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">The Political Communication of Mandate Election<\/span>s\u201d\n            <\/a>\n            <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Political Communication<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 25, 2008, 47-66 (with J. Shamir &amp; T. Sheafer).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0192512107079641\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict in Israeli Elections<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">International Political Science Review<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 28, 2007, 469-491 (with J. Shamir).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3792396?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Conflict, Identity and Tolerance: Israel in the Al-Aqsa Intifada<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Political Psychology<\/span>\n            <\/strong> 27, 2006, 569-595 (with T. Sagiv-Schifter).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cThreat Perceptions and Disqualification of Party Lists and Candidates for the Knesset: From Yardor to the 2003 Election\u201d <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Mishpat Umimshal<\/span>\n            <\/strong> 8, 2005, 119-154. (with K. Margel) (in Hebrew).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1354068801007006002\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Candidates, Parties and Blocs: Israel in the 1990\u2019s<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Party Politics<\/span>\n            <\/strong> 7, 2001, 689-710. (with A. Arian) Reprinted in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1999<\/span>\n            <\/strong>. State University of New York Press, Albany, 2002, 11-31. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2585395?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Collective Identity and Electoral Competition in Israel<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">American Political Science Review<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 93, 1999, 265-277. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2749551?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Pluralistic Ignorance Across Issues and Over Time: Information Cues and Biases<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Public Opinion Quarterly<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 61, 1997, 227-260. (with J. Shamir). Hebrew version (abridged) in <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Dvarim Ahadim<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<\/span>1, 1997, 99-115. &nbsp; &nbsp;\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/political-analysis\/article\/estimating-vote-persistence-sources-without-panel-data\/554206EC38FF00237469368C21D2BCB5\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Estimating Vote Persistence Sources Without Panel Data<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Political Analysis<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 6, 1996, 107-124. (with R. Shachar)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Value Preferences in Israeli Public Opinion<\/span>\u201d,<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n            <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Megamot<\/span>\n            <\/strong> 37(4), 1996, 371-393 (in Hebrew). (with J. Shamir)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF01498786\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Competing Values in Public Opinion: A Conjoint Analysis<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Political Behavior<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 17, 1995, 107-133. (with J. Shamir)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/194170?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Competing Values and Policy Choices: Israeli Public Opinion on Foreign and Security Affairs<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201c, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">British Journal of Political Science<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 24, 1994, 249-271. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/026137949390037K\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Two Reversals in Israeli Politics: Why 1992 Was Not 1977<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Electoral Studies<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 12(4), 1993, 313-339. (with A. Arian). &nbsp;Hebrew version in <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Megamot<\/span>\n            <\/strong>,&nbsp;36 (4), 1994\/5.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/british-journal-of-political-science\/article\/why-politicians-are-more-tolerant-selective-recruitment-and-socialization-among-political-elites-in-britain-israel-new-zealand-and-the-united-states\/0D1CB4B2243757EC3D1AD01DA0696464\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Why Politicians Are More Tolerant: Selective Recruitment and Socialization Among Political Elites in Britain, Israel, New Zealand and the United States<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d &nbsp;<strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">British Journal of Political Science<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 23, 1993, 51-76. (with .L. Sullivan, P. Walsh, D.G. Barnum, J.L. Gibson)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/422135?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Public Opinion and Political Change: Israel and the Intifada<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201c, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Comparative Politics<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 24, 1992, 317-334. (with A. Arian, R. Ventura)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2152660?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">The Political Context of Party Activism: The Israeli Labour and Herut Parties<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Political Science Quarterly<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 107(2), Summer 1992, 303-323. (with A. Zuckerman, H. Herzog)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cLeft and Right in Israeli Politics\u201d <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Medina Umimshal<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 35, 1992, 21-50 (with R. Ventura) (in Hebrew)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2131865?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Political Intolerance among Masses and Elites in Israel: A Re-Evaluation of the Elitist Theory of Democracy<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201d<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n            <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Journal of Politics<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 53(4), November 1991, 1018-1043.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cPolitical Tolerance in Israel\u201d, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Megamot<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 29(2), August 1985, 145-69. (with J. Sullivan) (in Hebrew)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0022002785029002006\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Jews and Arabs in Israel: Everybody Hates Somebody, Sometime<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201c, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Journal of Conflict Resolution<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 29(2), June 1985, 283-305. (with J.L. Sullivan)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1475-6765.1985.tb00105.x\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Changes in Electoral Systems as \u2018Interventions\u2019: Another Test of Duverger\u2019s Hypothesis<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201c,<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n            <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">European Journal of Political Research<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 13, 1985, 1-10.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0010414084017003002\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Political Intolerance and the Structure of Mass Attitudes: A Study of the U.S., Israel and New Zealand<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201c, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Comparative Political Studies<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 17(3), Oct. 1984, 319-344. (with J.L. Sullivan, N. Roberts and P. Walsh)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0010414084017001002\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Are Western Party Systems \u2018Frozen\u2019? \u2013 A Comparative Dynamic Analysis<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201c, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Comparative Political Studies<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 17(1), April 1984, 35-79.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1957566?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">The Political Context of Tolerance: A Cross-National Perspective from Israel and the United States<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201c, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">American Political Science Review<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 77(4), December 1983, 911-928. (with J.L. Sullivan)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25791184?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">Investigating Causal Relationships: A New Methodology and a Political Application<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201c,<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n            <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Political Methodology<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 9(2), 1983, 171-200.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/421673?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">The Primarily Political Functions of the Left-Right Continuum<\/span>\n            <\/a>\u201c, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Comparative Politics<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 15(2), January 1983, 139-158. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/pluto.mscc.huji.ac.il\/~mshalev\/Shamir_Arian_ethnic_vote_ENG.pdf\"><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">The Ethnic Vote in Israel\u2019s 1981 Elections<\/span>\n            <\/a><span class=\"u-text-palette-1-base\">\u201c<\/span>, <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Electoral Studies<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 1(3), 1982, 315-331. Hebrew version in <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Medina Umimshal<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, 19-20, 1982, 88-104. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n    <section class=\"u-clearfix u-section-6\" id=\"block-4\">\n      <div class=\"u-clearfix u-sheet u-valign-top-lg u-valign-top-md u-valign-top-sm u-sheet-1\">\n        <h4 class=\"u-text u-text-1\">Chapters in Books&nbsp;<\/h4>\n        <div class=\"fr-view u-clearfix u-rich-text u-text u-text-2\">\n          <p id=\"isPasted\" style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cTolerance and Threat Revisited: The Dynamics of Political Tolerance under Persistent Terrorism\u201d in E. Borgida, C. M. Federico, and J. Miller (eds.)<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<strong>At the Forefront of Political Psychology: Essays in Honor of John L. Sullivan<\/strong>.<\/span> Routledge, 2020 (with M. Hutchison and M. Peffley).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cFrom Golda Meir to Tzipi Livni: On the Two Faces of the Gender Gap in Voting and Women Representation in Politics\u201d in M. Shamir, H. Herzog, N. Chazan (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Gender Gaps in Israeli Politics<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>The Van Leer Institute and Am Oved, Jerusalem. 2020. In Hebrew. (with E. Gedalya-Lavy)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction: Gender gaps in light of the elections in Israel\u201d in M. Shamir, H. Herzog, N. Chazan (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Gender Gaps in Israeli Politics<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.<\/span> The Van Leer Institute and Am Oved, Jerusalem. 2020. In Hebrew. (with H. Herzog and N. Chazan)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cConclusion: Israeli Politics from the Gender Perspective\u201d in M. Shamir, H. Herzog, N. Chazan (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Gender Gaps in Israeli Politics<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.<\/span> The Van Leer Institute and Am Oved, Jerusalem. 2020. In Hebrew. (with N. Hazan and H. Herzog)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cTaken Captive by the Collective Identity Cleavage: Left and Right in the 2015 Elections\u201d in M. Shamir and G. Rahat (eds.), <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2015<\/span>\n            <\/strong>. Transaction Publ., New Brunswick, 2017, 139-164 (with S. Dvir-Gvirsman and R. Ventura).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction\u201d in Michal Shamir and Gideon Rahat (eds.),<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<strong>The Elections in Israel \u2013 2015<\/strong>.<\/span> Transaction Publ., New Brunswick, 2017, 1-17 (with G. Rahat).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c\u2018Ladies and Gentlemen, \u2018Mahapach\u2019: The 1977 Realignment from a Political Historical Perspective\u201d in. E. Ben-Rafael, J. H. Schoeps, Y. Sternberg and O. Gl\u00f6ckner (eds.)<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<strong>The Handbook of Israel: The Major Debates<\/strong>.<\/span> De Gruyter Oldenbourg. 2016, 479-488.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201c\u2018Your honor, restrain us\u2019 \u2013 The political dynamics of the right to be elected in the Israeli democracy\u201d in M. Shamir (ed.), <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2013<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>Transaction Publ., New Brunswick. 2015, 59-84. (with K. Weinshall-Margel).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cA gender gap in voting? Women and men in the 2013 elections\u201d in M. Shamir (ed.), <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2013<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.<\/span> Transaction Publ., New Brunswick, 2015, 231-255. (with E. Gedalya-Lavy).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction: The 2013 Elections and Israeli Democracy\u201d in M. Shamir (ed.), <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2013<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.<\/span> Transaction Publ., New Brunswick, 2015, 1-16.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cL\u2019assassinio di Yitzhak Rabin ha influenzato la cultura democratica in Israele?\u201d in C. Damari &amp; D. Soen (eds.)<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<strong>Costruire la Societa: Israele tra passato e futuro<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/span>Pisa University Press, Pisa, Italy, 2014, 271-292. &nbsp;Translation of &nbsp;my chapter in<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<strong>Auditing Israeli Democracy 2005 \u2013 A Decade for the Assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin<\/strong>.<\/span>\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cTzip(p)ing through the elections: Gender in the 2009 Election\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.), <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2009<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.<\/span> Transaction Publ., New Brunswick, 2011 (with E. Gedalya and H. Herzog).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.), <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2009<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>Transaction Publ., New Brunswick, 2011 (with A. Arian).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.),<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<strong>The Elections in Israel \u2013 2006<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/span>Transaction Publ., New Brunswick, 2008 (with A. Arian).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cKadima \u2013 Forward in a Dealigned Party System\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.), <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2006<\/span>\n            <\/strong>. Transaction Publ., New Brunswick, 2008 (with R. Ventura, A. Arian, and O. Kedar).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cConflict and Political Tolerance in Israel\u201d in G. Moreno-Riano (ed.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Tolerance in the 21st Century: Prospects and Challenges<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.<\/span> Lexington Books, Lanham, MD, 2006. (with T. Sagiv-Schifter).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cDisqualification of Political Party Lists and Candidates for the Knesset \u2013 Were the 2003 Elections Unique?\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2003<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>Transaction, New Brunswick, 2005. (with K. Margel)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cOn Mistaking a Dominant Party in a Realigning System\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.)<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n            <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2003.&nbsp;<\/span>\n            <\/strong> Transaction, New Brunswick, 2005. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2003<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.<\/span> Transaction, New Brunswick, 2005. (with A. Arian).\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2001<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2002, 7-27. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cAbstaining and Voting in 2001\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 2001<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, 2002, 29-54. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1999<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>State University of New York Press, Albany, 2002, 1-8. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cContext and Comparison in Election Research: The Israel National Election Study\u201d in E. Katz and Y. Warshel (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">What\u2019s a Good Election Study, and What Are Election Studies Good For?<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<\/span>Westview Press, Boulder, 2000, 127-147. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cA Multi-Faceted View of Public Opinion: The Case of the Intifada\u201d in H. Herzog (ed.)<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<strong>Reflection of a Society: In Memory of Yonathan Shapiro<\/strong>.<\/span> Ramot, Tel-Aviv, 2000, 211-233. (in Hebrew) (with J. Shamir)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.)<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<strong>The Elections in Israel \u2013 1996<\/strong>.<\/span> State University of New York Press, Albany, 1999, 1-18. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cCollective Identity in the 1996 Election\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1996<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>State University of New York Press, Albany, 1999, 39-54. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cTrends in Israeli Public Opinion on Peace and the Territories: Constraints and Preferences\u201d in D. Caspi (ed.),<span style=\"font-style: italic;\">&nbsp;<\/span>\n            <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Communication and Democracy in Israel.<\/span>\n            <\/strong> Hakibutz Hameuhad, Tel-Aviv, 1997, 173-190 (in Hebrew). (with J. Shamir)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1992<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.<\/span> SUNY Press, Albany, 1995, 1-14. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cModelling Electoral Victory: The 1992 Election in Israel\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1992<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>SUNY Press, Albany, 1995, 55-77. (with R. Shachar)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIntroduction\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1988<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>Westview Press, Boulder, 1990, 1-10. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cThe Intifada and Israeli Voters: Policy Preferences and Performance Evaluations in the 1988 Elections\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1988<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.&nbsp;<\/span>Westview Press, Boulder, 1990, 77-92. (with A. Arian)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cThe Party\u2019s Just Begun: Herut Activists in Power and After Begin\u201d in G. Mahler (ed.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Israel After Begin<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">,<\/span> SUNY Press, Albany, 1990, 235-255. (with A.S. Zuckerman, H. Herzog)\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cKach and the Limits to Political Tolerance in Israel\u201d in D. Elazar and S. Sandler (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Israel\u2019s Odd Couple: The 1984 Elections and the National Unity Government<\/span>\n            <\/strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">.<\/span> Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1990, 159-168.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cPolitical Tolerance and Leadership in the Israeli Society\u201d in A. Swersky (ed.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Human Rights in Israel<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, Association for Civil Rights in Israel, Edanim Publ., 1988 (in Hebrew) 81-93.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cRealignment in the Israeli Party System\u201d in A. Arian and M. Shamir (eds.) <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">The Elections in Israel \u2013 1984<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, Ramot Publ., Tel-Aviv, 1986, 267-296.\n          <\/p>\n          <p style=\"line-height: 1.6;\">\u201cIndicators from Errors: Cross-National, Time-Serial Measures of the Repressive Disposition of Governments\u201d, in C.L. Taylor (ed.), <strong><span style=\"font-style: italic;\">Indicator Systems for Political, Economic and Social Analysis<\/span>\n            <\/strong>, Oegeschlager, Gunn &amp; Haim Publ. Cambridge, Mass., 1980, 155-182. (with R.D. Duvall). &nbsp;&nbsp;\n          <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n    \n    \n    \n  \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Publications Books &amp; Monographs&nbsp; &nbsp;|&nbsp; &nbsp;Articles&nbsp; |&nbsp; Chapters in Books Books &amp; Monographs Political Gender Gaps in Israel. The Van Leer Institute and Am Oved, Jerusalem. 2020. In Hebrew. (edited with H. Herzog &amp; N. Chazan) The Elections in Israel \u2013 2015. Transaction, New Brunswick, 2017. (edited with G. Rahat).&nbsp;Hebrew electronic version: Israel Democracy Institute, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/publications\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Publications&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":171,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-85","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/171"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":160,"href":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/85\/revisions\/160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/michalshamir\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}